Internal combustion engine with crosshead



March 14, 1944. o. PETERSEN ET Al.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE WITH CROSSHEAD Filed Jan. 29, 1942 OVE Par-.esem M405 waafPG-/I//fzsf A @A e i; 5 iw M, 2. Ally/ W l.versedirection is prevented.

Patented Mar. 14, v1944 ,,UNITEDfSTATEs 't PATENT oFFi `rN'rlfzRNAL coMBUsTIoN ENGmElwfrm cRossnEAn CEV y Ove Petersenfv'Gentofte, near Copenhagen, andv I i 'I Y' Mads Lindberg-Nielsen,

Copenhagen, Denmark; vested in the Alien Property Custodian Application January 29, 1942, Serial No. 428,778 Y In Denmark May 31, 1941 4 claims.. (01.' 12a-1er) In internal combustion engines with crosshead thecrossheadis generally made in the form of a forged body which has an attachmenthole, in which the end of the piston rod ts, and crosshead journals around whichA the connecting rod grips, and one or more plane sliding surfaces through which the side thrust is transmitted to the guide or guides tted on the rigid parts' of the framing of the engine. v

This construction has hitherto been regarded as the only suitable construction for heavy inter.- f

nal combustion engines arranged for larger outputs per cylinder, to which type of internalcombustion engines this invention chiefly' relates. The said known construction suier's, however,

from certain drawbacks, the remedying of which is the chief aim of this invention. u

By this invention which relates to a new construction of the crosshead and the crosshead guide in an internal combustion engine, -especial- 1y an internal combustion engine arranged for great outputs per cylinder; the drawbacks of the known crosshead constructions are avoided.

The essential feature rof the invention is rst and foremost that the crossheadis made inthe shape of a Vshort trunk piston.A In this pistonA there is in the usual way, e. gfby force fitting, fitted a gudgeon which forms the point of application for the connecting rod. Y The piston-shaped crosshead is guided ina cylindrical liner, one

whereas the other end is preferably supported against rigid parts of the framingso as to be able tofslide in the direction of the axis of the r The attachment of the piston rod to the crosshead may also be effected in a simpler and more expedient way than hitherto, it being possible to provide the end of the piston rod with a :flange V'so 'end of which is secured to and centered in relation fto the rigid framingdparts ofthe engine,

.the advantage that itmay be hardened'in its full length and can be given an ample bearing area.

which rests against a corresponding turned surface on the end of the crossheadbody and is secured thereto by means of bolts that yare easily accessible for tightening. Y

With regard to .the Vcrosshead guide therewiil also'be obtained a cc'm'sic'lerablesimpliiiationV and improvement yin comparison with the hitherto used constructions. The 'cylindrical'guiding liner e. g. forms a tubular girderof very considerable strength and rigidity and may therefore be constructed of a smaller weight than a plane cross-'- head guide for taking up the same side' thrust'. The cylindrical shape of the crosshead Yguide furthermore entails that the slidingsurfaces and all the alignment surfaces necessary forth'e erection may be machined in the. same iixing'in the turning lathe, and as the alignment surfaces on the rigid engine partswhich decidethe-position of the liner-in relation to the cylinder-lner'and the other parts, in-relation to which the crossihead guide is to be aligned, may likewise be made byV operations that automatically ensure their proper mutua1 orientation; the correct alignment of the crosshead'guide in relation to the other engine parts will thus be a matter of course when the parts are assembled. The diilicult and time'- wasting alignment work that was formerly necessary at the erection of the engine andat the assembling, whenflater on the engine had been taken apart, thus becomes superiluou's." j f 1 .latter downwardly by placing a cover over each centering hole, in which cover a stuiling box Inust be provided, through which the piston rodpassres.

,Hereby is obtained inpart that it is possible in .a way known'per se to use the vbox-shaped girder as a scavenging air receiver, in; part that above the piston-shaped crossheadthere'will befformed a space that may be used as a pumping chamber for the supply of scavenging and chargingV air, as the Piston-shaped crosshead in connection with the cylindrical liner thus will form a pump.' Y

The stroke of this pump is the same las that of the Working piston, and the amount of La ir supplied must therefore be adapted by a'suitable choice of the diameter Aof the pistonfshaped crosshead. In two-stroke engines the diameter of the crosshead lmust thus besornewhat greater than that of the working piston, it the whole amount of air required should beV supplied by therpumping arrangement here mentioned. Normally it will besuicient when the useful piston-area of the icrosshead ismade 15A-20% larger two-stroke internal combustion engine constructed in accordance with theuinvention. We point out that the lefthand half-oi' the draw-ing shows a section at right angles to the longitudinal direction of the crank shaft and the engine, while the righthand half of the drawing shows a section parallel to the longitudinal direction;

On the drawing yI and 2 designate frames erect- Aed on the bed plate, not shown, of the engine at right angles to the longitudinal direction of the engine betweenkthe cylinder units. On these frames rests a box-shaped girder 3, which, as shown 'on theA drawing, may be in one piece for several cylinders and be stayed by internal partitions 4, or which may be made up of elements bolted together, each of which corresponds to a cylinder unit.

On the top of the box-shaped girder 3 which extends in the longitudinal direction of the engine 'are placed cylinder frames 6, of which frames there is supposed to be one foreach cylinder unit, and to which the cover 'I of the cylinder shown is bolted. For the sake of sim- -plicity the usual mechanisms on the cylinder cover are not shown. on the drawing. To the cylinder cover the cylinder liner 8 is boltedin the usual manner, and the lower part of the free- `ly depending liner is carried down through and guided transversely in a centering hole 3l in the upper side ofthe box-shaped girder 3. In order that thel liner may be able to expand freely in the axial direction'for 4the elimination of 'heat expansions it is movable axially in the centering hole 3l, where a sealing is effected by means of an inserted sealing ring Il placed in a turned groove inthe cylindrical centering surface I on the liner co-operating with the centering hole 3|.

The space 44 between the cylinder frame 6, the cylinder coverT; andther upper part of the cylinder liner 8 serves as a cooling jacket,v it being closed at the bottom by means of a collar 9 on the cylinder line'r 'fitting into a hole in the bottom of the approximately box-shaped cylinder frame. Y

In the Vend of 'the cylinder liner 8 projecting down into the box-shaped girder 3 are scavenging ports I2 whichginthe "lower dead point position of the piston I3 are above the upper edge of thelatter and permit scavenging air to flow from the interior of the box-shaped girder into the cylinder.v y ,f y

The piston I3 rests on and is bolted to an upper flange I5 on the piston rod I4 and is cooled by a cooling medium preferably oil, which is -supplied through ak telescope pipe I6 and led away through a corresponding telescope pipe, not shown.

In the bottom 29 of the box-shaped girder 3 there is, exactly co-axial with the Acentering hole 3l for the cylinder liner, a centering hole 30, and some distance above the latter the lower side of the girder is closed by means of a cover I'I, which is fitted in halves around the piston 75 rod and the said telescope pipes and has stuing boxes, I8 and I9 respectively, for these.

The piston rod has at its lower end a flange 20, by which it rests against and is bolted to a crosshead 2|, which has the form of a short cylindrical trunk piston. Through the material of this pistonV are carried longitudinal-borings, which are in line with the telescope pipes I5 rolled into holes in the flanges I5 and 20 of the piston rod and at the bottom have stuffing boxes 40, throughwhich the stationary part 39 of the telescope pipes is introduced.

In the piston-shaped crosshead 2| is tted a. cylindrical gudgeon 22, which may be xed by any suitable means, preferably by force tting. The gudgeon 22 forms in the usual way a journal for the upper end of a connecting rod 23, the lower end of which is secured by bolts 24 to a connecting rod bearing 25, that is attached to .a crankv 2,6. The crank -shaft of 'the mengine is designated by 28, and one of the crank arms belonging to the said cylinder unitby 121.

The. cylindrical; piston-shaped crossheadv 2l travels in a crosshead guide 32 which has the form of a cylindrical liner. The ,cylindrical guiding liner hasat the top a centering collar 33, with which it VViits into and is centered in the previously mentioned centering hole 3l!y in the bottom 29 of the box-shaped girder 3, whereby its proper position in the side direction isk ensured in relation tothe girder 3 as well as in relation to the cylinder liner, which is guided the centeringl hole 3|l placed co-axi'ally with,l the centering hole 30. lThese two centering holes should preferably be produced inl the same xr ing. j j, 4

The augnment lor theiongitudinaiaxis'cf the cylindrical cross head guide in relation .to` the girder 3 is ensured by means of a turnedilange at the upper end of the crosshead guide,jby means of which flangethe vcrosshead guideils bolted tothe planed under side of the box-shaped girder. Herebyis at the same time ensured the accurate alignment'of the crosshead guide .and the cylinder liner, thel axial alignment of the latter likewise ,being denitely decided lin relation tothev girder 3 on account of the modefo'f suspending the cylinder -liner described above.

The tubular crosshead lguide 32 has'bec'ause of its sectional shape av considerablel rigidity and may therefore be made comparatively lightfj'i further economy of material can be obtainedin the case that the lower end of thefcrosshea-d guide is stayedfinthe side direction yin suchl a way that partici the side thrust of vthe cross'- 'head is taken up here and transmitted to the framing of the engine.` This is, in the embodiment shown, Yeffected by means ofl a collar' 36 which is iitted around a'turned surface at-t'he lower end'of the crosshead',guide and, afterth alignment and securing of the latter, secured lto a plate 35 that is inserted between the frames I and 2 and suitably made in halves. This 'plate may expe'diently at the same time servel'to clo's'e the crank case upwardly, in which case 'the axlally movable connection between the crosshead guidev and the collar 35 should'be packed' tight by a packing 31 as shown.v Directly belowthe lower partY of the ycrosshead guide are' yfound brackets 38vthat carry' the stationary telescope pipes 39i before mentioned;

The whole construction described is held'to'- gether in thev usual way by vertical bolts orfcormay e. g. serve for securing the cylinderl 'frame 6 to the box-shaped girder 3, while others secure the latter to the transverse girders or corresponding members of the bed-plate of the engine on which the main bearings for the crank shaft are placed.

In the embodiment shown the interior of the box-shaped girder 3 serves, as previously mentioned, as a scavenging air receiver, and the girder has for this purpose an opening 43 in one of its side walls, through which the scavenging air may be admitted. In the previously mentioned internal transverse walls 4 there is likewise a hole 5. It may, however, also be expedient to let the interior of the girder be divided into a series of separate receiver chambers, one for each cylinder, whereby the pressure and oscillation conditions may better be controlled during the scavenging and the charging.

Between the cover l1 which closes the boxshaped girder below and the upper end of the cylindrical crosshead guide there is a space 4|, which opens out with an opening 42 below on the side of the box-shaped girder. 'I'his space 4| serves for the control of the tightness of the stung boxes I8 .and I9 besides for ensuring that no splash oil from the crosshead guide will penetrate into the girder 3.

In the embodiment shown the engine is a twostroke engine, and the wholeA amount of scavengingand charging air required can be supplied by the crosshead pump. The diameter of the piston crosshead must therefore be so much greater than the diameter of the working piston that the eiective pumping piston area will become about 15-20% larger than the effective area of the working piston. This demand as to the proportioning of the crosshead is in practice very well compatible with the regards as to proportioning that must be paid as to an easy taking apart of the engine for inspection. It being presupposed that it is a question of the most common inspectionand repair Works, i. e. examination and overhauling of cylinder liner and piston, the method used here may be as follows.

At first the cylinder frame 6 is loosened from the girder 3 and removed from the engine by being lifted vertically. The piston is then accessible for examination and changing of piston rings. but may in case that heavier repairs are necessary be taken off by disconnecting it from the piston rod, or by the piston rod being disconnected from the crosshead. Finally the piston with piston rod, crosshead, and the connecting rod may be taken out by the connecting rod being disconnected from the connecting rod bearing 25, after Which the whole may be pulled vertically out f the engine without further taking apart of the latter. Here is only presupposed that the crosshead can pass upwards through the girder 3, i.e. that the hole ifor the cover I1 is of a slightly greater diameter than the crosshead, and that the centering hole for the cylinder liner is also slightly larger than the crosshead. Both of these conditions can easily be fullled, and thus there is no difllculty in arranging the crosshead pump for supplying the whole amount of scavengingand charging air required, even when the'engine is a two-stroke engine. l

In that case the crosshead pump may draw in air direct from the atmosphere and press the air through a piping leading from the pressure valve direct into the girder 3 serving as a scavenging air receiver.

The invention is not bound to the construction shown and described, which is given as an example of an especially advantageous engine type constructed in accordance with the invention. The invention can wholly or partly be applied also in other engine types, e. g. in fourstroke engines, and in engines with another total erection of framing and cylinder construction. The advantages of the automatic alignment of crosshead guide and cylinder liner will be obtained in all engine constructions where it is possible to centre and/or secure the crosshead guide and the cylinder liner to a common rigid engine part, which may otherwise very Well consist of several individual elements that are mutually connected more or less permanently. There is nothing to prevent applying the invention also in double-acting engines, in which case the special construction of the telescope pipe connection to the working piston shown here cannot, however. be applied.

We claim:

1. In an internal combustion engine, a rigid frame structure including a. girder having openings in the top and bottom thereof, an engine cylinder supported on said girder and having a portion thereof centered in one of the openings, a piston in said cylinder, a crosshead connected with said piston, a cylindrical guide for said crosshead, a centering member on one end of said guide secured in the other opening, said guide .being mounted at its other end for axial sliding movement in said frame structure.

2. In an internal combustion engine, a rigid frame structure having alined openings therein, an engine cylinder supported on the frame structure coaxially of said openings, a piston in said' cylinder, a crosshead guide connected with saidV piston, a cylindrical guide for said crosshead xed at one end in one of said openings and a collar` loosely applied to the other end of said guide and secured in the other opening to accommodate axial movement of said guide.

3. In an internal combustion engine, a rigid frame structure including a girder having an opening therein, an engine cylinder supported on said girder in line with said opening, a piston in said cylinder, a crosshead connected with said piston, a cylinder guide for said crosshead Iixed at one end to one part of said frame structure and slidably engaged at its other end with another part of said frame structure, said engine cylinder and guide being located at oppositesides of said opening and said opening having a diameter sulicient to enable the crosshead to be removed therethrough and a removable closure for said opening.

4. In an internal combustion engine, a, rigid frame structure including a box-shaped girder having spaced bottom members provided with openings, an engine cylinder supported on said girder, a piston mounted in said cylinder, a crosshead connected With said piston, a cylindrical guide for said crosshead fixed at one end inthe opening of one of the bottom members and mounted at its opposite end for axial movement in said frame structure, said crosshead being adapted for withdrawal through the opening in the other bottomv member, and, a removable 'closure plate ifor the opening in the second mentioned bottom member.

OVE PETERSEN. Mens uNDBERG-NIELSEN. 

